The gasoline-powered internal combustion engine has been with us for else than a century, and thus far no other technology has proven as efficacious at running vehicles. The most active alternative van architecture, the hybrid, is even a partly gasoline-powered vehicle. But, there are some story possibilities for indeed alternative compel cars on the horizon.
Hybrid
The hybrid-electric vehicle is an alternative power automobile in the idea that it is partly reliant on an electric battery for influence.
Biofuel
Fuels like ethanol, biodiesel and others are sometimes called alternative fuels. They are substitutes for gasoline or diesel fuel, but generally speaking their only advantage over fossil fuels is that they offer energy independence. Biofuels are not "green," since they do still produce greenhouse gases (although sometimes less than gasoline or diesel do).Hydrogen
What is normally meant by a "hydrogen machine" is one that uses a hydrogen fuel cell to build electricity for powering the vehicle's Engine. In impression, this is decided as hydrogen is an full Component, and the electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell assemble peerless irrigate as a squander product. In training, hydrogen is always bonded into a grain in description, and breaking it away for custom is energy-intensive. Hydrogen fuel cells are too delicate. For the future activity, this is not a practical alternative technology.
Compressed Natural Gas
Compressed customary Gauze (CNG) vehicles dart on that fossil fuel instead of petrol. This has the dual advantages of being both cleaner-burning and less reliant upon foreign oil suppliers. However, there is not a fuel distribution network in place for CNG vehicles, limiting their usefulness to private owners. CNG vehicles are mostly found in the fleet role: buses, official government cars and postal jeeps. A close cousin is the propane-driven car.
Compressed Air
The OneCAT, manufactured by TATA Motors of India, is a car run by compressed air. You can refill the car through an external compressor, or you can refill the tanks by plugging into an electrical socket for 4 hours. The energy is provided by the local electrical grid. It can do up to 62 mph for a range of 56 miles.
Electric Car
The electric car takes the step beyond even the PHEV and does away with the internal combustion engine altogether. It uses an on-board battery to drive the motor, and like the OneCAT is ultimately reliant on the local power grid to supply power. These cars generally suffer from low speeds and limited range, but there are some models that manage to circumvent those limitations, albeit at great cost. However, as battery design improves, electric cars should become more of a replacement for conventional cars.
On the other hand, the two designs that are the most universal nowadays are reliant upon the petrol engine and pressure captured from locomotion to recharge the batteries: the ahead uses a battery to drop the motorcar at slothful or low speeds, starting the petrol engine matchless at higher speeds. The moment runs the petrol Engine at slothful and low speeds and adds the battery for additional authority at high-reaching speeds.They are, thence, barely alternative energy vehicles. A third drawing, the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) would fracture elsewhere of that limitation and could recharge the battery from apparent sources. This would bring hybrids firmly into alternative pressure.
Furthermore, biofuels can sometimes be self-defeating, as American ethanol indicates. It requires more energy (drawn mostly from the power grid) to create a gallon of corn ethanol than will be returned when the ethanol is burned. Sugarcane ethanol (used in Brazil) is much more energy efficient, but the real priority of corn ethanol programs is neither energy independence nor environmental protection, but rather winning votes in corn states.
Solar
There is only one commercially available solar car on the market, a solar-electric hybrid design called the Astrolab. Overall, however, using solar power to run a car is considered impractical and largely the province of hobbyists.
